Apple Inc Strategy

Core Issues Facing Apple Despite Apple Inc. recording spectacular growth and profitability in recent years, the company still faces a number of challenges.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Apple Inc Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of these challenges include increased competition, maintaining its position in the market, dynamic technology, and the challenge of resource allocation between the traditional products and the emerging products such as iPods, Apple TV and iPods. The company also has to handle issues relating to its retailing approaches to enhance the company’s product decision (Richard Ivey School of Business, 2009). Significance of the Issues Facing Apple To this far, the growth and profitability of Apple has been based on competencies such as superior technology, innovative products and empowered employees. The development and design of hardware and software brought sweeping innovations, thus, offering the consumers superior products rich in value. From Apple 1, the company was able to develop different brand products such as the iPod, iPhone, and iTunes. Hence innovation has been a key competitive advantage for this company. In spite of this, competitors such as Dell, Hewlett-Packard, Microsoft, Nokia, and Sony are continuously introducing innovative products and applications which rival Apple’s products. Apple, therefore, has to put up with competition from these companies that provide subsidiary products and services such as Microsoft’s Zune product that is more or less Apple’s iTunes (Richard Ivey School of Business, 2009). This threatens the company’s success and market place. This implies that the company must endeavor to grow its market and maintain its market position. Primary and Secondary Issues The primary issues Apple has to face are the stiff competition and the dynamic technological innovations in the business e nvironment. In the technology industry, it has to compete with companies like Nokia and Sony. These competitors often offer products that are low priced, potentially impacting on the value of apple products. Having diversified on the products it offers, maintaining its competencies is a primary issue that cannot be ignored. Having depended on marketing, innovation and relationships to succeed, Apple must manage the broader products to maintain its wide consumer base. Apple has to place efforts in sustaining brand innovativeness due to the dynamic technological developments.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Secondary issues facing Apple include resource allocation and utilization of retail outlets (Richard Ivey School of Business, 2009). Given the expectations of consumers, the company must focus on strategies that will promote brand exposure, perhaps by expanding the ret ail outlets and employing more sales staff. Most Substantial Competitive Advantage Apple to Focus on Innovation remains the most substantial strategy for Apple. This is particularly pertinent in protecting its brand image and market base. This can be done by maintaining and upgrading the capabilities of products to create entry barriers to the competitors. Investing in its human resource by creating an atmosphere favorable for creativity and innovation is also a core competitive advantage. Empowered personnel are able to interact well with the consumers hence generating significant input for the design of the brand. This is essential in innovating products that are customized to consumer specifications (Richard Ivey School of Business, 2009). Physical stores that serve as retail outlets have also strengthened and created brand awareness. These outlets serve as customer care avenues as the sales people help the consumers become conversant with Apple’s products. This grew the m arket share and increased Apple’s revenue and profit. How Apple Should Exploit their Competitive Advantage Apple can apply incremental innovation to enhance the capability of existing products so that to maximize their value and lifespan; and therefore, promoting brand loyalty. Retail stores and online stores serve to increase brand exposure as they act as distribution networks. The company will focus on opening more retail and online stores in order to exploit the competitive advantage fully. This will be essential in broadening the consumer base and providing support experiences, hence raising market penetration. Reference Richard Ivey School of Business (2009). Strategic planning at Apple Inc. IveyAdvertising We will write a custom case study sample on Apple Inc Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This case study on Apple Inc Strategy was written and submitted by user Andrea Flores to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Hank Williams Jr. essays

Hank Williams Jr. essays Throughout all of time, music has been a very important part of many cultures. These cultures and the peoples background, of these cultures, have greatly influenced their works. But, one the most diverse cultures in todays world, as far as music goes, would have to be the United States of America. It is influenced by so many races, from so many places. The music in the U.S. also changes from generation to generation. Someone oftentimes influences many music artists in their own generation, and in some cases by their own family members. One such incident happened back in the seventies and produced one of the greatest country singers of our time. This mans name is Hank Williams Jr. and was very greatly influenced by his father, who was also a very famous country singer during his time. Hank Williams Jr. is a very skilled man in his area of music and to this day still influences country music. Hank Williams Jr. was born in Shreveport, Louisiana on May 26, 1949. His real name is Randall Hank Williams Jr., but to many people he was known as Bocephus. Bocephus, was a nickname given to Hank Jr. by his dad when he was still an infant. He has lived in a couple of places in the south throughout his life. He grew up in Nashville, Tennessee and he then moved to Banks, Alabama. He now has homes in Montana and Tennessee. Hank Jr. is the son of country legend, Hank Williams. His dad was one of the first and most enduring of country musics superstars(Kilgore 1). His works were very influential upon Hank Jr. He died when Jr. was only three. His mother was Audrey Sheppard Williams, who was also a country singer. She was responsible for getting Hank Sr. to Nashville and for getting Hank Jr. to perform on stage at an early age. His mother and father were very important factors in determining the outcome of Hank Williams Jr. Hank Williams Jr. is an accomplished musician. He can ...

Viewing The Bill And Melinda Gates Foundation Through Organizational Essay

Viewing The Bill And Melinda Gates Foundation Through Organizational Theory - Essay Example It will then analyze how these theories apply to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BGMF) and how they impact this unique organization. The paper addresses some specific aspects of institutional theory and network theory and develops an understanding of how BMGF utilizes these theories and how they are reflected in the foundation's philosophy, governance, and strategy. "Organizations are technical instruments designed as a means to definite goals. But they also have a natural dimension. They are products of interactions and adaptation, they become the receptacles of group idealism...". Organizational analysis is relatively new among the sciences as a field of study, coming out of the latter years of the 19th century as industrialization became more technological (Scott, 2004). Originators of organizational management, among them Taylor, Weber and Mayo, believed there was one best way to manage an organization, and all recommended single, universal solutions to management problems, though they did not agree on what the solutions should be. There are many theories and models offered by researchers that delve into the inner workings of organizations and provide a rich and complex view of organizations. Zucker (1987) believed that normative pressures that arise from external factors such as the state and factors from within the organization drive organizations (p.443). Some have believed that there is only a single best way to define an organization, but it has eluded theorists and modern organizations have presented new challenges. 3. The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation: An Overview The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) was instituted as a philanthropic institution to relive the suffering of the poor and deprived people across the world. Beginning in 1997 as a foundation to aid education in the Northeast, it diversified in 2000 to focus more effort toward improving global health (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 2007). The foundation has a substantial endowment fund that it dispenses to the poor and needy and helps to

Chose one of them Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Chose one of them - Article Example In writing this, the author has ended up comparing apples to oranges to form a path of discovery. Later in the passage, the author admits to the limitations offered by stone tools in order to discover more about human origins. There the author relates that our pens, markers and personal digital assistants would be able to reveal little about us except that we write. In stating this, he is absolutely right. Stone tools can only indicate that human beings were using tools to achieve certain ends. Further down the line, the author has expressed sentimentally that recent investigation proves that stone tools can offer only limited insight into human evolution. However, the author seems disappointed in such an argument because he holds initially that stone tools offer sizable insight into human evolution. Given that this text is an academic investigation, it hardly makes any sense for the author to display his personal sentiments in order to deliver a point of view held by certain profess ionals. This text is also differentiated because the author has modified an excerpt from C. S. Lewis’ novella The Screwtape Letters. The modified text is satirical and has been used rather injudiciously to criticise fellow archaeologists and their unsound professional practices.

External and Internal Environments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

External and Internal Environments - Essay Example Segments of General Environment Affecting the Company: Environmental internal and the external factors both affect the function ability of the any company. Internal factors are the controllable factor prevailing within the firm. Whereas external factor accounts for those factors which are beyond the control of any firm. One of the external factors affected the pricing strategy of a single product of Microsoft. The factor was one of the macro environmental factors of the external environment affecting the entire information technology industry. One of the factors was the political and legal forces. This did not directly affect the marketing ability of the company but indirectly clouted the marketing decisions of the company. For Microsoft political and legal external environmental forces lead profound influence on the decision making and strategy department of the company. Changes in the political and legal field hugely affected the marketing decision of the company. These forces are the macro economics forces which affects the overall industries. XBOX 360 is one of the products of Microsoft which comes under the Interactive Entertainment Business division of Microsoft. The issue which came to the picture depicted that the use of lead free solder was the source for lack of strength in the XBOX 360. So prohibitions were brought by government for the usage of lead and mercury cadmium. Following this issue the European Union announced the banning of lead and mercury Cadmium on every product used by any companies in the IT industry. It assures that the external environmental issues affected not only Microsoft but also the entire IT industry (Cornwell, n.d., pp. 1-4). Social and cultural forces of the external environment also affect the marketing concepts of the company. It assures that the firm should take a go ahead in eliminating the detrimental product. As an effect of the same Microsoft stated working to pertain technology to noteworthy environmental issues and collaborated with European Environmental Agency (Microsoft, Corporate Citizenship, 2013). Porter’s Five Forces: Michael Porte’s five forces of competition give a brief of a simple model helpful in assessing and scrutinizing the competitive strength and situation of a certain firm in respect to its competitors. Porter’s five forces lead to a competition of the rivals of the industry. Two of the forces are existing competitive â€Å"entry of competitors† and the second is â€Å"threats of substitute products†. Threats of substitute products are the potential threats from the competitors within the industry regarding the products. Microsoft faced threats from the competitors in the field of personal computer software market. Its close competitors were MAC OS, Sun Solaris, Linux, various structured browser, lotus notes etc. This lead to a high degree of competition amongst the IT companies within the industries regarding their close substitutes. But i n this aspect the government had a different view. As per the government Microsoft did not face any such threats from the competitors regarding he close substitutes. Rather it enjoyed a monopoly in the middle level market due to its pricing strategy. They also added another reason that the software markets are

The Life And Work Of Euclid

The Life And Work Of Euclid While studying geometry with Euclid a youth inquired after having learned the first proposition, What do I get by learning these things? Euclid called a slave to them and said, Give him threepence, since he must make a gain out of what he learns. [8] Euclid, a Greek mathematician and teacher, changed the course of the world. Euclids work not only affected the work of other prominent scientists to come after him, but also the lives of ordinary people, which contributed to the rise of modern science in western civilization. What is perplexing is that despite him changing the course of world, we know very little about him. Unlike some other well-known historical figures, Euclids influence did not spread simply by fame. Historians dont even know his exact date of birth. To this day, we do not know which continent he was born on, much less the city. Of the little we do know about Euclid, we know that he taught in Alexandria around 300 B.C. [9], and that he wrote, amongst approximately 10 other books, arguably one of the greatest mathematical textbooks in history, The Elements. The Elements is a geometry textbook that unified all of the previously known principles of geometry. It was unique in that it was constructive in its delivery of its principles. Basically, it explained mathematic principles from the ground up and added onto what was already established. Imagine trying to study science if one concept didnt flow into the next and everything was garbled and out of order. The Elements solved this problem through careful organization and logical delivery of its principles. The Elements wasnt a revolutionary observation or a new and exciting revelation, but rather a book of brilliant deductive reasoning, analysis, and organization. The Elements was explained so well that every Geometry textbook preceding it was practically discarded, and because of this the term Euclidean wasnt necessary or used for over two thousand years because there was no other known form of geometry[17]. Concerning Euclids deductive reasoning and analysis, his axiomatic systems are most prominent. His axiomatic systems are considered to be constructive. [18] This means that he never reached any conclusions or spoke about concepts that he did not yet explain to the reader. He arranged the geometric theorems so that they flowed logically from one to the next. [9] For example, he started with the simplest of concepts such as describing a geometric point and worked his way into derived propositions. [16] More specifically he took a small number of axioms (self-evident logical truths) and deduced many other theorems from them. He even filled in the blanks whenever it was necessary by filling in the missing steps absent from others processes, and even by developing his own proofs [9]. For example, Euclid proved that it is impossible to find the largest prime number. He proved that if you were to take the largest known prime number and 1 to the product of all the prime numbers leading up to it and including it then you will get another prime number. This is accepted as being one of the classics proofs in mathematics because of how clear and concise it is. [5] Euclid put a lot of effort into making it possible for common people to understand geometry rather than just professional mathematicians. How the natural flow and style of explanation of The Elements affected the world is self-evident. Since it is easier to understand scientific concepts when they are communicated clearly and concisely and delivered in a logical order, Euclids book made it much easier for the people to acquire a complete understanding of geometry. As newborns in this world often one of the first things we get to play with are blocks of different geometric shapes. This helps us to develop our minds both visually and mathematically. Euclidean shapes are quite literally everywhere in our society. Unlike Calculus where there is usually a fixed method for solving a given problem, when it comes to geometry, using Euclidean axioms allows people to solve any one problem in several different ways. It also inspires development of problem solving skills. One of the ways Euclidean geometry has been applied and influences our day to day lives is through construction and architecture. For example, if somebody wants to construct a wooden table. If they wanted to figure out if it was square or not they could measure each corner of the table to see if it was at a 90 angle. With Euclidean Geometry, however, they would need only to measure two of the corners. The properties of right triangles within The Elements tells us that if two corners are square then the whole shape is square. This is probably very obvious to a person of our modern day, but it was not at the tme. Unless you are a mathematician you may not even know who such properties can be attributed to and just consider them common knowledge. Another, less obvious way they could have done this is to have measured the distance between two diagonal corners of the table. If the two distances are the same then the table must be a square. The latter method I have described is a common wa y for construction workers or home-improvement workers to check their work. There are countless examples of this that common people can utilize in their everyday lives with the principles of Euclidean Geometry. Euclids influence doesnt end there. Examples of Euclidean geometry can be found in modern day computer graphics. It is used in mesh generation. A mesh is basically a combination of geometric polygons or polyhedrons that create the illusion of a curve. Although the Euclidean Geometry may be widespread within western civilization, in some third world countries there are houses are constructed as lop-sided indeterminate shapes. This is a real-life example of what our architecture would have looked like without Euclids influence.[4] It is fair to say that the study of Euclids book was one of the main contributing factors to the Scientific Revolution and subsequently the rise of science in Europe rather than in Asia. The Elements made the concept of one principle being built upon another glaringly obvious and, over the course of time, it became considered common knowledge in western civilization. Of course, scientists such as Newton, Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo played significant roles as well [9], but as Sir Isaac Newton said If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants [21]. Euclids book provided for us, not just a shoulder, but an entire foundation built of giants shoulders that would have otherwise been scattered and disorganized. This solid base of knowledge allowed western civilization to reach new heights. For example, when it came to Isaac Newton and his book, Principles Of Natural Philosophy, many of his proofs were set in a geometric form similar to those found in The Elements . [12] As it is with any great work of science, The Elements allows others to build upon it or advance into new areas of discovery. Some men, such as Girolamo Saccehri, have tried to disprove or find flaws in Euclids axioms. Saccehri was an Italian mathematician who in 1733 almost discovered a form of non-Euclidean geometry. He studied for years to find a flaw in Euclids work. He was supposedly on the verge of a breakthrough but gave up before his work came to fruition. It wasnt until about a hundred years later in 1899 that a German mathematician by the name of David Hilbert found another set of geometric axioms that differed from Euclid. [13] Non-Euclidean geometry allows us to describe physical space in new ways. Following Hilbert came another German, by the name of Albert Einstein. Einstein recalls receiving two gifts that had particular influence on him as a child, one a magnetic compass, and the other Euclids The Elements. He referred to The Elements as the holy little geometry book. [3] Another example of a great scientist that was influenced by Euclid is Galileo Galilei. In his old age Galileo told his biographers that while attending the University of Pisa he would nose-drop in on lectures being given by Ostilio Ricci to the court pages on Euclid. These lectures were only available to members of the court so he would try to stay quiet whenever he attended them. His interest in Euclid got the better of him after a while and he approached Ricci to ask him questions on Euclid. Ricci noticed Galileos talent for math and eventually became his teacher. Although Galileo was supposed to be going to college to study medicine, (Galen) he secretly studied mathematics (Euclid) instead. Galileo later used Euclids Book Five, Definition Five, to show how bodies of certain arbitrary weight have weights directly proportional to their volumes. [2] This is one of the best examples how influential Euclids work was to anybody with a mind for mathematics and how he changed the course o f history by capturing the interest of a man such as Galileo. Euclids work also influenced philosophers such as Benedict Spinoza. Benedict Spinoza was a prominent philosopher of 17th century. He wrote the ambitious philosophicical book Ethics where he attempts to provide us with a coherent view of the universe and our place in it. To explain such concepts he used Euclids style of delivery complete with axioms and propositions. Speaking of the system within his book and the style in which he chose to present it in Spinoza said that it was demonstrated in geometrical order. [23] Usually philosophical books were written differently, such as Rene Descartes Meditations that was written like a diary. When it comes to mathematicians I think every mathematician alive since the time of Euclid had to have been influenced by his work in some form or another, but, of some of the most prominent mathematicians, Euclid specifically influenced the work of Bertrand Rusell, Alred North Whitehead, Blaise Pascal, Marin Mersenne , and Adrien-Marie Legendre. Interestingly enough Bertrand Russell, an English 20th century mathematician and logician, used Euclids work to push mathematics into the next level by explaining to people in his book An Essay On The Foundations Of Geometry [11] how Euclidean Geometry was being replaced by more advanced forms of geometry. Both Russell and Whitehead were co-authored the epoch Principia Mathmatica in which they referenced Euclid a number of times as evidence in their work. Pascal, a 17th century French mathematician, received a copy of Euclids Elements as a boy and before the age of 13 he had proven the 32nd proposition of Euclid and discovered a flaw in Rene Descartes geometry [25]. Mersenne, also a 17th century French mathematician, used Euclids proof on prime numbers to develop his own ways or forms as they are called, making it even easier to find large prime numbers. Prime numbers are important to modern day society because they are used in cryptographic software security systems. Basically, large prime numbers can be implemented into coding schemes that are difficult to break. Legendre, a 19th century French mathematician, wrote his most famous book Elà ©ments de Gà ©omà ©trie based entirely off of The Elements. In it he sought to simplify Euclids propositions even further. Elà ©ments de Gà ©omà ©trie was used in elementary school classrooms for over a 100 years. [13][24][6] Euclid influenced politicians such as Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln, as a lawyer traveling on horseback would carry a copy of Euclids Elements in his saddlebag. According to his law partner, at night Lincoln would lay on the floor for hours at night studying Euclids Elements by lamplight. [5] He was a great admirer of the logical delivery of information that The Elements contained and used Euclids systematic approach in many of his speeches. It is no coincidence that the phrase dedicated to the proposition bears such striking similarities to Euclids axioms. Lincoln, speaking of his study of Euclid, said, In the course of my law reading I constantly came upon the word demonstrate. I thought at first that I understood its meaning, but soon became satisfied that I did not. I said to myself, What do I do when I demonstrate more than when I reason or prove? How does demonstration differ from any other proof? I consulted Websters Dictionary. They told of certain proof, proof beyond the possibility of doubt; but I could form no idea of what sort of proof that was. I thought a great many things were proved beyond the possibility of doubt, without recourse to any such extraordinary process of reasoning as I understood demonstration to be. I consulted all the dictionaries and books of reference I could find, but with no better results. You might as well have defined blue to a blind man. At last I said,- Lincoln, you never can make a lawyer if you do not understand what demonstrate means; and I left my situation in Springfield, went home to my fathers house, and stayed there till I could give any proposition in the six books of Euclid at sight. I then found out what demonstrate means, and went back to my law studies. [1][5] The astronomers Johannes Kepler and Nicolaus Copernicus were also influenced by Euclids work. When it came to Keplers approach to astronomy he depended almost entirely on Euclid. Kepler, much like Galileo studied Euclid while attending a university (Tà ¼bingen). Kepler was a devout Lutheran and considered Euclid geometry to be the only geometry that could be applied to the heavens and refused to use any other form of geometry because he considered such forms to be heretical. He developed a proof of concerning planetary motion based entirely off propositions found in The Elements [22]. Copernicus used Euclids work on optics as evidence in his book On The Revolutions Of The Celestial Spheres which was considered the starting point of modern astronomy and the defining epiphany that began the scientific revolution. All these great men of science were not able to use Euclids work as evidence simply because he was well known or famous for doing something exciting and spectacular. It was the intellectual quality of Euclids work that made the difference. We dont know enough about Euclid to either love him nor hate him and unless you happen to be a mathematician, his work is undoubtedly not awe inspiring. Nevertheless, Euclid still managed to affect some of the most important figures of the Scientific Revolution by setting the foundations necessary for the development of modern science. Sources: 1. The Lincoln year book, written by Abraham Lincoln, 1809-1865, passage 32 2. Galileo at Work: His Scientific Biography, written by Stillman Drake, pages 2-3 3. Einstein as a Student, written by Dudley Herschbach, page 3 4. How To Use Euclidean Geometry, written by Henri Bauholz, http://www.ehow.com/how_4461018_use-euclidean-geometry.html 5. Euclid, Math Open Reference, http://www.mathopenref.com/euclid.html 6. Great Scientists: from Euclid to Stephen Hawking, written by John Farndon, 2007 7. A Chronicle of Mathematical People, written by Robert A. Nowlan 8. Geometry Quotes, History of Mathematics Archive, http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~john/MT4521/Lectures/Q1.html 9. The 100: A Ranking Of The Most Influential Persons In History, written by Michael H. Hart, 2000 10. Encyclopedia of World Biography. Euclid 11. The Teaching of Euclid, written by Bertrand Russell, http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Extras/Russell_Euclid.html 12. Isaac Newton, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton 13. Mathematicians Are People, Too: Stories from the Lives of Great Mathematicians, written by Luetta Reimer Wilbert Reimer, 1990 14. The Beginnings of Western Science: The European Scientific Tradition in Philosophical, Religious, and Institutional Context, Prehistory to A.D. 1450, written by David C. Lindberg, 2008 15. Mathematics: From the Birth of Numbers, written by Jan Gulberg, 1996 16. Euclids Elements, written by D.E. Joyce, http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/java/elements/elements.html 17. Euclid, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid 18. Axiomatic Systems for Geometry, written by George Francis, 2002 19. The Thirteen Books of the Elements, written by Euclid / Thomas L. Heath 20. Mathmatical Thought, University of Arkansas, http://math2033.uark.edu/wiki/index.php/EuclidHYPERLINK http://math2033.uark.edu/wiki/index.php/Euclids_ElementsHYPERLINK http://math2033.uark.edu/wiki/index.php/Euclids_Elementss_Elements 21. Newton: Understanding the Cosmos, New Horizons, Letter from Isaac Newton to Robert Hooke, 1676, as transcribed by Jean-Pierre Maury, 1992 22. KEPLERS PLANETARY LAWS, written by A. E. Davis, http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/HistTopics/Keplers_laws.html 23. Spinoza and Jefferson, The Teaching Community, http://teachingcompany.12.forumer.com/viewtopic.php?t=2147 24. A History of Mathematics, written by Carl B. Boyer, 1985 25. The History of Computing Project, Blaise Pascal, http://www.thocp.net/biographies/pascal_blaise.html

Essay --

Even in the short term, the women’s movement is the detonator which will explode neopatriarchal society from within. If allowed to grow and come into its own, it will become the permanent shield against patriarchal regression, the cornerstone of future modernity. Hisham Sharabi, Neopatriarchy Introduction During the week long demonstrations at Tahrir Square, Egyptian women defied the socially accepted behaviors and opposed stereotypes. Oppressed by an autocratic regime that they deemed no longer effective women revolted along with the youth movement and labor unions during the Arab Spring of January 2011. Driven out of the public conversation women were subject to coordinated scare tactics by the government and on the streets of Cairo. No longer remaining silent, Egyptian women fought for full integration into public life but they battle tradition, culture and religious attitudes about gender roles. Almost every woman has experienced some form of oppression. Even in western culture women challenge perceived gender roles too. During the 1963 March on Washington, African-American woman questioned leadership about their role in the March. Acknowledging the main focus of the March was about jobs and education. African-American women unwillingly accepted the subordinate role to further the discussion on race relations. Repeatedly, women are expected to wait for equality and the discussion of women’s rights. Deep seated societal attitudes about segregated gender roles keep women from participating politically and becoming full citizens. In this essay, I will first examine the impact of traditional gender roles on Egyptian women who participated during and after the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, as well as, the role of African America... ...ssues of sexism would have to be addressed with the male leadership before going forward in the movement. After Tahrir Square Segregation, voting rights, refusal to give up her bus seat galvanized the bus boycotts in Montgomery, Alabama ending bus segregation. Even Ella Baker Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee conducted the first lunch counter sit-in in 1960 by North Carolina AT&T students. As more people heard about the protests their participation was met with same opposition-your voice is not needed here. Social behavior dictated an patriarchal attitude that relegated women to of In the United States but Egyptian women were mingling with men voices but Conclusion Revolutions are rare dramatic events that rapidly and violently transform political, social, and economic institutions from below.

Marketing Orientation Sample Essay

Marketing orientation is a concept of an organization which underlines that the company`s success is mainly based on customers` satisfaction. The stress here is put on valuing consumers` needs and wants first of all. â€Å"A marketing oriented firm (also called the marketing concept, or consumer focus, or customer focus) is one that allows the wants and needs of customers and potential customers to drive all the firm’s strategic decisions. The firm’s corporate culture is systematically committed to creating customer value. The rationale is that the more a company understands and meets the real needs of its consumers, the more likely it is to have happy customers who come back for more, and tell their friends† (wikipedia). Marketing orientation concept evolved between the late 1960s and early 1970s. Firstly, it was developed at Harvard University. Marketing orientation replaced production orientation and sales orientation which were prevailing before. By this time numerous researches were made in order to investigate marketing orientation more thoroughly and make necessary conclusions about the influence of this concept. However, understanding of marketing orientation is not clear and is discussed from different points of view. There are studies which propose philosophical approach towards marketing orientation and there are those which turn to behavioral notion of marketing orientation. I would like to mention opinions of several researchers towards the topic of marketing orientation. Desphande and Webster, like many others, share ideas of philosophical and cultural qualities of marketing orientation. â€Å"In their study in 1992 they use the term  «customer orientation » to describe a specific set of beliefs that puts the customers’ interests first and ahead of those of all other stakeholders (e.g. owners, managers, employees) which, in their view, should be considered as part of a broader, and more fundamental, corporate culture† (mcm.aueb.gr/†¦/Gounaris/Marketing_Orientation_and_Its_Development.pdf). On other way, marketing orientation is viewed as specific company behavior. Trout and Ries (1985), for example, perceive marketing orientation as an effort to compile market intelligence upon which the effort to build a competitive advantage is based. Elliot (1987) considers satisfying customers` needs important but insufficient, and proposes strategies for achieving customers` satisfaction to be just a part of marketing orientation concept which should combine many other features. More developed marketing orientation improves company`s performance—there is a direct connection. Many companies may prosper using marketing orientation, and some fail. The difficulty is that marketing orientation is specific, it combines particular culture and behavior of a firm. So, once a company decides to concentrate on consumers` satisfaction and apply marketing orientation there are many challenges and innovations coming into company`s philosophy. First step of the company is to investigate customers` expectations. Later, products or services are produced considering the information obtained from performed investigation. The final part is to follow and evaluate consumers` satisfaction in order to make necessary adjustments. And so it becomes a continuous process for the company in order to keep track and continue to improve business. There are many methods and approaches used in marketing orientation. The ideal model of marketing oriented company would include all necessary marketing activities. There is marketing research in order to identify customers` wants, research and development production developing the products according to consumers` wishes, pricing which undermines value of the product to customers, distribution to the right place at the right time, and promotion in order to inform customers of the product. Marketing oriented company should also possess characteristics such as: marketing research and product innovation techniques, broad product lines, possibility of ancillary services, customer support, tight organizational structure. I consider marketing orientation to be a very positive and necessary concept. Basically, customers are those who make business prosper. So, the more company listens to the expectations of consumers and the more loyal and understanding is the philosophy of the company, the more customers it will attract—and more profit will be attained using rather ethical, as to my opinion, approach to business. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Avlonitis G. and Gounaris S., â€Å"Marketing Orientation and Company Performance: A Comparative Study of Industrial vs. Consumer Goods Companies†, Industrial Marketing Management, vol. 26, no.5 (1997) 2. Bonoma T., â€Å"The Marketing Edge: Making Strategies Work† (1985) 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_orientation 4. mcm.aueb.gr/†¦/Gounaris/Marketing_Orientation_and_Its_Deve lopment.pdf

The Government of The Roman Empire

The Government of The Roman Empire Free Online Research Papers The Romans did not have a complex vision of government. Their philosophy and implementation of rule was quite simple. They believed that government should cover two broad categories of control: settling disputes between communities or individuals, and assembling men, goods, or money – jurisdiction and exaction. This philosophy would allow for the little bureaucratic involvement by the empire in the daily affairs of Romans and that of Rome’s conquered peoples. The Romans ruled conquered nations by the Polis, the same standards that they ruled themselves by. Aristotle claimed that the best model for the Polis was the very nature of a good friendship. The Polis precedes the individual; that it is the family, the original polis, and the social group from which our natures as individuals, as mother, father, friend, teacher, arise. He claimed that virtue is the middle ground between excesses, a balance point. What must be practiced in order to be virtuous is anger at the right objects: anger at injustice, for instance, is proper. Rage is not virtuous because it is excessive and uncontrolled. Courage is virtue at the balance point between heedlessness and cowardice, which are both excessive forms of the same thing. The developed Polis depends on friendly relations among members, and lasting friendly relations depend on virtue. The Roman Empire recognized three distinct forms of rule and order: magistrate, a roman government official; soldier, highly respected for their rigorous training, long amounts of marching, fighting in precise formations, and ability to kill their opponent; master of the household, the head male figure of the household. All activity in the empire can be linked with one of these roles. This again relates to the natural order that the Polis teaches both in political and philosophical practice. Rome has also been accused of bureaucracy on the grounds that they took excellent written records of events as they occurred. From taking the minutes of a court hearing or government meetings to the accumulation of archives Romans understood the importance of keeping accurate records. However, virtuosity in the public service should not be confused with professionalism. Research Papers on The Government of The Roman EmpireBringing Democracy to AfricaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoQuebec and CanadaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andStandardized TestingIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalCapital Punishment

Rhetorical Analysis of Moby Dick Google Docs Essays

Rhetorical Analysis of Moby Dick Google Docs Essays Rhetorical Analysis of Moby Dick Google Docs Paper Rhetorical Analysis of Moby Dick Google Docs Paper relationships, morality and the meaning of life. This arouses interest in the reader by forest widowing future events. In a tragedy, things are bound to go awry, so this connection made by Melville gives insight to the probable future of the crew. Through including short directions, although only riffle, Melville serves to both interest and include the audience in the unravel ling plot and to foreshadow to contribute to building suspense throughout the novel. Captain ABA largely uses appeals to the crews emotions through his diction and language in this chapter. The use of pathos is essential to persuade his crew t o search for Mob Dick and to avoid any mutiny or rebellion. Before even proposing his plan, Ah ABA instantly sets them up by asking them a multitude of questions. For example, he asks What do ye do when ye see a whale, men? Naturally, the crew replies as they are expected to. By poss. Eng things as questions rather than orders, the men are instantly more prepared to listen a ND obey Abss commands. Melville even notes that they themselves became so excited at s such seemingly purposeless questions. Abss speech of the pain Mob Dick has inflicted on him is illustrated by loaded language that not only is used to arouse the crew, but to appeal me continually to the audience. As ABA presents them with his plan to capture and kill Mob Dick, he receive s little opposition. However, Struck, being most rational, questions why a voyage meant to make a refit has evolved into a mad hunt for just one whale for the sole purpose of vengeance. ABA refutes his sensible argument through using a logical fallacy known as Bands agony. He claims that the rest of the crew has happily complied to going after Mob Dick. ABA replies, The crew, man, the crew! Are they not one and all with ABA, in this matter of the whale? None of the other men had happily complied, but rather, nobody had the sense or c our age to speak up like Struck. Despite this, Struck immediately submits to ABA without Hess taxation. Through Abss rhetoric, a highly charismatic yet extremely domineering side of ABA I shown. This strong character development adds a completely new element to the story. T he audience is now made aware of the premise of the rest of the story. As Abss insanity is begin inning to be revealed, the looming disaster of the Piqued is foreshadowed. Also, ABA use s appeals to sympathy, which also influence the crew and the reader as well to feel that his need to revenge is more reasonable. ABA clever use of language and rhetoric in this chapter hell as to set the stage for the rest of the novel. In the Quarter Deck, dialogue is a prominent feature, being strung throughout the entire chapter. Since this chapters main point is for ABA to reveal the true purpose of the voyage, dialogue is essential. It serves to not only add interest to the chapter, but to g eve the reader a more hellbender view of the events occurring. The reader can not only be e exposed to Seamless response, but the reactions of the entire crew. Again, similar to stag e directions, this connects the story to a tragedy format. While preceding chapters were chaff lull of Seamless personal thoughts and accounts, this chapter is a sudden switch to more of a dramatic play format. This maintains the audience interest by keeping variation in how the s Tory is narrated, while effectively increasing the suspense that begins to build from this chapter r on. Also, had Abss plan been simply told through Siamese retelling it, the reader would view the voyage completely differently. Siamese himself was brainwashed by ABA into believing his need for revenge is somewhat understandable. Although he has more insight than others, he is still relatively oblivious to the fact that Abss plan can only lead t o doom and disaster for the entire crew. By hearing the events of this chapter through dial guy, and directly seeing how ABA presents his plan, the audience has an advantage over the men by being able to see through his manipulation. In all, dialogue is an extremely important com anent of this chapter which gives the reader a better understanding of the situation the Pee quad and the crew is really in. In addition, imagery is a component that is used in the chapter, and continue d throughout the entire novel. In this scene, circles are especially emphasized. ABA sesame bless the crew into a physical circle, while also pulling them into his own imaginative sphere of his win perverted vision of revenge against Mob Dick. Melville illustrates that ABA stands while e his three mates stood at his side with their lances, and the rest of the ships company formed a circle round the group. This symbolism is shown again when he ABA says Round with it, ROR ND! and again when he exclaims, Advance, ye mates! Cross your lances full before me. Well done! Let me touch the axis. By now ABA has successfully bound the entire crew to him. He stands in the center of this circle he has fabricated, while the men radiate around him chug HTH in this sphere of is imagination. This is representative of how the men have now become .NET angled in Abss deranged obsession. Without much choice, they are forced to submit to ABA as he controls each of them. This circle imagery really solidifies how ABA has completely maniple dated them to gain control over them. A circle is also representative of ABA himself because he is complete in him elf and does not listen or pay attention to anything outside the realm Of this circle who ICC encompasses his infatuation with avenging Mob Dick. He is so focused on this that anything g else has no significance to him.

Assisted Living Observation Student Learning Essay

Assisted Living Observation Student Learning - Essay Example He also has dry, wrinkled, and flaccid skin. He also stated that his life had greatly changed when he became a widower after 40 years of having good memories with his wife. I also noticed that despite of his age, he still has a sharp memory and can recall most of his past experiences. After having a conversation with the older adult, I looked for resources that would help me relate my observation of the older adult to the expected age-related changes. Delaune and Ladner stated that degenerative changes related to aging such as decrease in the size and responsiveness of pupils to light and thickening of the lens cortex contribute to the loss of visual acuity among older adults (p. 370). The use of dentures is expected because older people lose their teeth for a variety of reasons. Dry, wrinkled, and flaccid skin are expected conditions that occur with aging because the skin loses many of the properties that help make it appear youthful. After a major life event, such as death of his spouse, it is expected that changes in relationships and roles typically occur. With regards to memory, it is a common misconception that all older adults suffer from senility. As one ages, the memory impairment may range from mild to severe; indicating that memory gaps may vary accord ing to the level of functioning of the older adult (Delaune and Ladner, p.

The Differences in Performance Between Various Companies Research Paper

The Differences in Performance Between Various Companies - Research Paper Example There are a number of Work/Life events where employees at SAS get guidance on other matters that may affect their productivity at the workplace. During these events, all the employees interact and share the problems as a collective unit. All these activities give the employees motivation to work hard as well as creating a cohesive group. According to Thibaut and Kelley’s classic (1959) interdependence theory, alternatives give rise to options. As such, if the costs are more than the rewards, they are likely to leave the group, but if the rewards are more than the costs, they are likely to stay on and work hard to ensure that there is a success in the group (Attractions). The work environment at the SAS Company is unique making the employees motivated from the rewards within the group. This makes them stay in the company and work hard towards its success. Another successful company that deals in computer software are Cisco. The company provides high salaries to its employees in comparison to other companies. Cisco communicates the long-term strategy indicating that the work, which employees do, is more than just a job (CNN, 2011). They, therefore, strive to change the way employees work and live by giving them a comfortable pay. This gives the employees motivation since they work hard hence the success of the company. Further insight into Thibaut and Kelley interdependence theory highlights the issue of rewards and costs comes in place (Attractions). The salary, which the employees at Cisco Company receive, is high thus their allegiance to the company. The Company trains its employees on the culture to embrace.